Eco-anarhism

Eco-anarhismul sustine ca eco-satele mici (cu nu mai mult de cateva sute de oameni) sunt un mod de viata preferabil pentru civilizatie si ca infrastructura si sistemele politice ar trebui sa se re-organizeze ca sa asigure creatia acestora. Eco-anarhistii afirma ca organizatia social trebuie sa fie conceputa astfel incat sa functioneze cu fortele naturale, decat impotriva lor.

Se imbina impreuna cu termeni mai vechi ca: primitivism, tribalism, democratie bio-regionala, feminism(ca eco-feminism), pacifism, secesiune si comunitate intentionata.

Una dintre cele mai influetale opere ale eco-anarhismului este Ishmael, de Daniel Quinn, care relateaza conversatiile dintre un om si o gorila. Acesta este tipic literaturii eco-anarhiste, in care conceptele Great Ape personhood si democratia bio-regionala sunt luate in serios ca fiind niste pre-articole pentru o societate mai pasnica. Aceasta carte a castigat premiul Turner Tomorrow Fellowship, creat de Ted Turner, care premia autorii ce gaseau solutii noi pentru problemele mediului inconjurator prin fictiune. Aceasta strategie pacifista de coexistare determina ca alte miscari anarhiste sa fie neincreazatoare, cum refuza ei colaborarea cu alte grupuri ce le vad dusmane. Alti autori care se dedica eco-anarhismului sunt: Derrick Jensen, Murray Bookchin si John Zerzan. De la aparitia operei Ishmael, Daniel Quinn a scris mai multe carti care se concetreaza in jurul factoriilor ierarhiei si a economiei ca fiind cheia la crizele ecologice si sociale ale noastre. Quinn refuza orice idenfiticare cu anarhismul. El a spus: "Am facut-o clar cu prisosinta ca admir functionalitatea societatii tribale - si nu este cu siguranta anarhista."

Ceea ce diferentiaza eco-anarhismul de primitivism este concentrarea pe sate si pe capitalul social ce se opune tehnologiei si acceptarea sau eliminarea ei. Ceea ce diferentiaza eco-anarhismul de marele G "Green" sau micul G "green" anarhism este faptul ca acesta se concentreaza strict pe probleme ecologice de integrare si decentralizare, fara a fi permisa importarea unor reguli noi din partea corpurilor mai mari in regiunea "eco" sau chiar in satul acesta.

Unii eco-anarhisti considera satul sau tribul ca un loc favorizat pentru a duce o viata unita si se opune familiei sau grupului de rude. Asumarea unor familii sunt considerate mai importante pentru eco-anarhisti decat ipoteza rolurilor muncii. Filozofia eco-anarhista poate fi explicata ca o interpretare a adevarurilor antropologice si biologice. Jared Diamond, un biologist al evolutiei, a scrus "The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race"(Cea mai grava greseala din istoria rasei umane), un articol care discuta caiile variate prin care extinderea agriculturii actuale a facut traiul mai rau comparat cu o cultura "hunting-gathering". Deobicei eco-anarhistii sustin puternic organizatiile sociale "primitive" ca niste "gasti" sau "triburi", nu pentru niste concepte de superioritate spirituala Noble Savage ci pentru ca aceste organizatii sociale par sa functioneze mai bine decat civilizatia.

Unii simpatizanti ai eco-anarhismului lucreaza pentru a avea grija de oameni mai in varsta si sunt implicati in miscarile "Eden Alternativ" si "Kalimos" pentru a creea sate ce includ mai multe generatii de oameni, incluzand oamenii mai in varsta ce au nevoie de ingrijire, familiile lor si personalul profesionist medical ce au grija de batrani si copii. Ambele miscari au fost fondate de Dr. William Thomas si s-a extins pana acuma ca o miscare in America de Nord. Aceasta este vazuta ca o cale pentru a fonda satele "eco" si pentru a impaca folosul tehnologiei medicale moderne cu mediul de trai slab. democracy]] are often taken for granted, as pre-requisites to a more peaceful society. This book won the Turner Tomorrow Fellowship Award, created by Ted Turner, which rewarded an author who came up with a new solution to environmental problems through fiction. This sponsorship and peaceful coexistence strategy makes some other anarchist movements suspicious, as they reject collaboration with groups they see as enemies. Other authors espousing eco-anarchism include Derrick Jensen, Murray Bookchin, and John Zerzan. Since Ishmael, Daniel Quinn has written several more books that focus on hierarchical and economic factors as the key to our ecological and social crises. Quinn denies any identification with anarchism. He states,"I've made it abundantly clear that I admire the functionality of tribal societies - and they're certainly not anarchies."[1]

What differentiates the eco-anarchist from the primitivist is this focus on the village and its social capital, as opposed to technology and its acceptance or rejection. What differentiates eco-anarchism from other forms of anarchism and green anarchism is the special focus on ecological integrity.

Some eco-anarchists consider the village, like the bee hive, to be the unit of human life, as opposed to the family or kin group. Assumptions about family are considered to be more important to eco-anarchists than assumptions about work roles. The eco-anarchist philosophy can be explained as an interpretation of anthropological and biological truths. Jared Diamond, an evolutionary biologist, wrote "The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race," an article discussing the various ways in which the development of agriculture actually made life worse compared to a hunting-gathering culture. The eco-anarchist usually holds "primitive" social organizations such as bands or tribes in high regard, not for some Noble Savage concept of spiritual superiority, but because these social organizations appear to work better than civilization.

Some eco-anarchist sympathizers work on elder care issues and are involved in the Eden Alternative and Kallimos movements to create villages that include many generations of people, including elders who need care, their extended families, and the professional medical staff who care for elders and children. Both movements were founded by Dr. William Thomas, and have so far been largely a North American movement. This is seen as a way to fund eco-villages and reconcile the use of modern medical technologies with small scale living.

Vezi si

• Democratia bioregionala
• Eco-feminism
• Anarhismul verde
• Sindicalismul verde
• Anarho-primitivismul
• neo-tribalismul

Linkuri externe

• Menifestul Eco-Anarhist